Sri Lanka is a magnificent island country just south of the Indian subcontinent. It is known for its breathtaking landscapes, diverse culture, and various UNESCO World Heritage sites. Among those heritage sites, Sigiriya is the most impressive site in Sri Lanka. It is also known as the 8th wonder of the world and is the home of an ancient city that sat atop the monolithic rock towering 650 feet near the town of Dambulla in the Matale District of Sri Lanka.
Sigiriya, often called the “Lion Rock,” is one of the world’s most breathtaking archaeological marvels. This ancient fortress is a testament to the brilliance of early civilizations. In this guide, I will uncover the secrets of Sigiriya, exploring its history, architecture, and the mysteries that continue to captivate visitors from around the globe.
Facts About Sigiriya
- Location: About 165 km from the capital, Colombo, near Dambulla.
- Height: Approximately 200 meters.
- Total Steps: 1200 steps to the top.
- Climbing Time: Anywhere between 30 minutes to 1 hour to the top and 30 minutes to get down.
- Entry Fee: $35 per person. ($20 per person for SAARC countries).
- Difficulty Level: Moderate.
Tips before climbing Sigiriya
Before climbing Sigiriya Rock, here are some essential tips for you.
- Sigiriya Rock’s Opening Hours are from 5:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. but try to arrive early in the morning or late in the afternoon. It will be so hot in midday that you won’t be able to climb comfortably.
- Make sure you wear comfy clothes and shoes. Wear breathable and quick-drying garments, as it is too hot, and you will sweat whether you climb early in the morning or late in the afternoon.
- Ensure you carry enough water with you, as you will get water only after you get down from the top.
- Remember to carry sunscreen with you.
- Always keep your attention on the steps. In some areas, the slope is quite steep.
- Keep your valuable items safe. Some monkeys might steal your food and other items.
- Remember to use the washroom before climbing, as no washroom is on the way or at the top.
- If you feel it is difficult, make sure to take some rest. The stairway has some sections, so use those sections to take breaks.
- The “Mirror Wall” is one of the most significant parts of the site. However, taking photos of it is prohibitive.
- Before climbing, you can visit the Sigiriya museum to get an idea of what the fortress was like at its peak. But if you climb Sigiriya Lion Rock in the morning, take the museum tour afterward.
- You will find some guides or helpers who will force you to hire them but trust me, you don’t need any guide to climb the site, so politely refuse them and walk away.
- Do not feed animals, especially monkeys, and deer, while climbing Sigiriya Rock.
- Drones are STRICTLY prohibited within Sigiriya Rock premises. Hornets get disturbed by the sound of a drone.
History of Sigiriya
Sigiriya has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Extensive evidence shows that Buddhist monks occupied many caves and rock shelters in this area from as early as the 3rd century BC. Archaeologists found evidence of human inhabitation at the Aligala rock shelter east of Sigiriya, dated 3000 BC, during the Mesolithic Period.
However, it was not until the fifth century that Sigiriya became powerful. King Dhatusena had two sons, Moggallana, the rightful heir to the throne, and Kashyapa, the son of a non-royal consort. Upon hearing that Mogallana was declared the throne’s heir, Kashyapa seized the throne from King Dhatusena. To save his life, Mogallana flew to south India and vowed revenge.
Anticipating an attack from Mogallana, Kashyapa relocated the capital from Anuradhapura to the more secure Sigiriya. He built a fortress on top of the megalithic rock; it took seven years (from 477 to 485 AD) to construct the entire Sigiriya fortress. Mogallana finally declared war and defeated Kashyapa in 495 AD. According to folklore, Kashyapa’s war elephant changed his direction to take a strategic advantage, but his soldiers thought their king was retreating. So they fell back and left him alone. Being too proud to be captured, he took his dagger and committed suicide.
After his death, his brother, Mogallana, gave the site of Sigiriya to the Buddhist monks, where it remained a monastery until the 14th century. The site of Sigiriya was abandoned at some point during the 15th century and remained uninhabited. Westerners first discovered the site when Jonathan Forbes, a Major in the British army, came across it during a horseback ride.
Interestingly, for those of you who know about the Ramayana, many Hindus believe that Ravana ruled Sri Lanka from his Palace in Sigiriya. The war with Rama destroyed the Palace.
Things to See at Sigiriya Rock
Sigiriya Museum: The entrance ticket to Sigiriya Rock also includes the Museum entrance. You should visit the museum first. It will help you understand the history with various artifacts associated with the site.
Royal Garden: After crossing the bridge over the Moat, you will pass through the royal garden. This royal garden consists of several water gardens, a boulder garden, and a terraced garden. There are several long pools, octagonal pools, and water fountains. The summer palace was built in this Water Garden. You will glimpse the Majestic Sigiriya Rock at the Royal Garden.
Frescos: After that, you will reach the foothill of the giant rock where the stairway starts. The first part of the staircase through the rock is relatively easy and leads you to a narrow spiral staircase from where you can view the frescos. These frescos would have covered the west face of the rock. There were around 500 ladies in these frescos, but most were lost forever. Remember that Photography is not allowed in this area.
Mirror Wall: The corridor is known as Mirror Wall, which is just after the Frescos. Initially, this wall was so reflective that the king could see himself as he walked alongside it. This wall is Made of brick masonry and covered in highly polished white plaster. The opposite wall is also covered with beautiful frescos. The mirror wall is so reflective that one can easily see the reflection of the frescoes on it. This wall has now become a graffiti wall covered with verses written by visitors, mainly from the 8th, 9th, and 10th centuries.
Lion’s Paw Terrace: Beyond the Mirror Wall is The Lion’s Paw Terrace, where you can rest and look at the giant Lion’s Rock. The terrace is from where the final ascend starts.
Top of Sigiriya Rock: At the top of Sigiriya Rock, you will only find King Kashyapa’s ruined Palace, some white marble stairs, and a pool made from extremely tough granite rock. The huge tank is 90 feet long, 68 feet wide, and almost 7 feet deep. All of these reveal the architectural ingenuity of the era. The panoramic view from the top is spectacular. Kandalama Reservoir and Pidurangala Rock are visible from the top.
Architecture and Design
Sigiriya’s architecture and design symbolize a perfect fusion of nature, functionality, and artistry, reflecting the cultural and technological advancements of ancient Sri Lanka. It remains a source of inspiration and a potent reminder of the country’s rich heritage.
How to Get to Sigiriya
Sigiriya is not directly connected to any national highway, so to get to Sigiriya, you must change buses a couple of times. Dambulla and Habarana are Sigiriya’s main transport hubs. Buses run throughout the day from both towns to Sigiriya. The bus fare from Habarana to Sigiriya is LKR. 210 and from Dambulla is LKR. 100. You can also take a tuk-tuk from each city.
From Colombo to Sigiriya by Bus
The journey from Colombo to Sigiriya is tiresome as there is no direct bus, and it takes around five hours. From Colombo, get any bus from the No- 15 bus to Anuradhapura, No- 48 bus to Kaduruwela (Polonnaruwa), or a No- 49 bus to Trinco, and get off at Dambulla or Habarana. A local bus will cost around LKR 1500 to LKR 2000 and will take around five hours; however, an AC bus will be more comfortable and take less than 4 hours but cost around LKR 3300. From Dambulla or Habarana, take the local bus to Sigiriya.
From Colombo to Sigiriya by Train
The closest railway station near Sigiriya is Habarana. Only one train runs to and from Habarana, but it takes around six hours to get to Sigiriya, which is the slowest route. The 3rd class ticket from Colombo to Habarana will cost LKR 520, and a second-class ticket will cost LKR 1100. You can take a local bus from Habarana to Sigiriya.
From Colombo to Sigiriya by Air
Another way to Sigiriya is by air; it’s only a 30-minute flight from Colombo airport. Cinnamon Air operates daily from Colombo domestic airport to the Air Force airstrip in Sigiriya. It costs $ 150 to $ 200 one way. It’s the fastest way to Sigiriya but the most expensive one.
From Colombo to Sigiriya by Car
A reserved car is the best way to Sigiriya. Depending on road traffic, it takes around 3 to 4 hours and costs LKR 18000 to 25000. It provides complete flexibility to move and is the most recommended way to Sigiriya.
Where to Stay
Sigiriya Village Hotel: Just ten minutes drive from Sigiriya Rock, a village-themed hotel, is Sigiriya Village Hotel. Inspired by traditional Sri Lankan life, they organized 100 rooms for customers. This hotel provides a pleasant and calm atmosphere with good food and services.
Sigiri Rock Side Home Stay: This lovely and cozy homestay is just five minutes from the entrance to Sigiriya Rock Fortress. It has six rooms, a beautiful garden, and a common area. The service is good and breakfast is delicious.
Hotel Sigiriya: Located 2 km from Sigiriya Rock, this hotel offers the best view of the rock. It is one of the best hotels in Sigiriya, offering an outdoor pool, restaurant, ayurveda spa, and buffet breakfast.
Atha Resort: Just 3 km from Sigiriya Rock, Atha Resort is a village-themed surrounded by lush forest. This hotel offers an outdoor pool and an on-site restaurant. The rooms are beautiful and have private balconies.
Best Time to Visit
The dry season is the best time to visit the historic Sigiriya fortress, from December to April. During these months, the weather is sunny and dry, providing ideal conditions for exploring the ancient fortress and its surrounding attractions. To explore the Sigiriya Rock, you must climb 1200 steep steps to the top, so favorable weather is crucial for an enjoyable and safe experience. The dry season also enhances visibility, allowing a breathtaking panoramic view of the distant landscape from the summit. However, it is boiling during these months, so you should climb Sigiriya early in the morning as the temperature is more relaxed and the sunlight is soft.
Monsoons run from May to November; during this time, exploring Sigiriya Rock can be difficult due to slippery pathways. It is very humid, and afternoon storms are normal at this time. This everchanging Sri Lankan weather is unpredictable. However, the monsoon season may appeal to those seeking fewer crowds and a unique perspective.
FAQs
- What is Sigiriya?
Sigiriya, also known as Lion Rock, is an ancient rock fortress and Palace in Sri Lanka. It is famous for its stunning architecture, frescoes, and rich history.
- Where is Sigiriya located?
Sigiriya is located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka, near Dambulla.
- Why is Sigiriya famous?
Sigiriya is famous for its historical significance, the ruins of a 5th-century palace, intricate frescoes, landscaped gardens, and its status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- What is the best time to visit Sigiriya?
The best time to visit Sigiriya is during the dry season, from December to April when the weather is sunny and pleasant.
- How long does it take to climb Sigiriya?
The climb typically takes 30 minutes to 1 hour, depending on your fitness level and the time spent exploring.
- What is the entrance fee for Sigiriya?
The entrance fee for foreign tourists is around $35, while residents pay a much lower cost.
- Are there any guided tours available?
Yes, guided tours are available and recommended for understanding the site’s historical and cultural significance.
- Is Sigiriya suitable for children or elderly visitors?
While the climb can be challenging, visitors of all ages can attempt it with proper precautions and rest breaks.
- What should I wear to visit Sigiriya?
Wear comfortable, breathable clothing and sturdy footwear suitable for climbing.
- Are there facilities available at Sigiriya?
Yes, there are restrooms, a visitor center, and shops for refreshments near the entrance.
- What are the frescoes at Sigiriya?
The frescoes are vibrant, centuries-old paintings of celestial maidens found on the rock face.
- Can I take photographs of the frescoes?
Photography of the frescoes is not allowed to preserve them.
- What is the Lion’s Gate?
The Lion’s Gate is the entrance to the upper Palace, named for the giant lion paws carved into the rock.
- What is the significance of the Mirror Wall?
The Mirror Wall is a polished rock wall once reflective and inscribed with ancient graffiti and poetry by visitors.
- What are the Sigiriya Water Gardens?
The Water Gardens are beautiful gardens in Sigiria featuring pools, fountains, and terraces.
- Is Sigiriya a religious site?
While Sigiriya has cultural and historical significance, it is not primarily religious.
- Are there other attractions near Sigiriya?
Nearby attractions include the Dambulla Cave Temple, Minneriya National Park, and Pidurangala Rock.
- What is Pidurangala Rock?
Pidurangala Rock is a neighboring rock formation offering a stunning view of Sigiriya and is a popular hiking destination.
- How do I get to Sigiriya?
You can reach Sigiriya by bus, car, or tuk-tuk from significant towns like Colombo, Kandy, or Dambulla.
- Why is Sigiriya a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Sigiriya is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982 for its unique blend of history, architecture, and art.
Conclusion
With its rich history, stunning architecture, and breathtaking views, Sigiriya is an everlasting symbol of Sri Lanka’s cultural and architectural brilliance. In this blog, I tried to guide you through everything you need to know to explore Sigiriya, from cost to difficulty, how to get there, where to stay, the best time, and essential tips. I hope it will be helpful for you on your next trip to Sigiriya.
